Alvin young is a rangel fellow and masters candidate at the elliott school of international affairs at the george washington university. Foreign policy successes and failures in the past have been the kingmakers and breakers of egypts leaders what strategy will elsisi embrace as. Concurrently, as the preceding analysis hints, egyptian policymakers will be quietly looking to show washington that egypts foreign policy, and its value to the united states, encompasses much more than bilateral ties or arabisraeli issues. The thread of continuity which characterises egyptian foreign policy is clearly visible from a look at the brief islamist parenthesis. At the height of polarization in the middle east region, attention is drawn to the existing egyptian foreign policy and its complicated alliances, both with the gulf states and israel, in order to ensure the regimes stability amid domestic and foreign challenges. Congressional research service 1 historical background since 1952, when a cabal of egyptian army officers, known as the free officers movement, ousted the britishbacked king, egypts military has produced four presidents. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading egyptian foreign policy from mubarak to morsi.
Sullivan, marisa april 2014, hezbollah in syria pdf, institute for the study of. Initiated in march 2011, tahrir documents is an ongoing effort to archive and translate activist papers from the 2011 egyptian uprising and its aftermath. This category includes blog posts focused on egypts foreign policy. This chapter examines the implications of liberalism for foreign policy and foreign policy analysis.
This disconnect, which became obvious in the 1970s, can in fact be traced back to the political and ideological strategies employed by. Factors such as population size, historical events, military strength, diplomatic expertise and a. Marco rubio said that it would not be washington that defined the future of the u. Following egypts successful efforts to broker a reconciliation deal between hamas and fatah, against the opposition of the israeli government, many are beginning to note the new direction that the egyptian foreign policy is taking in the postmubarak era. The future of egyptian foreign policy to what extent will egypts. The observer of egyptian foreign policy over the last few years, following the coup detat on july 3rd. Fourteen people were told beforehand of nassers decision to nationalize the suez canal in july 1956. In reality, however, since the early 1970s, whether under the. Viewed in such a light, morsis egypt continued on the foreign policy path trodden by the preceding. This situation necessitates a rational management of a foreign. Egypt is most visibly shifting its foreign policy on three issues. Egyptian foreign policy from mubarak to morsi explores an area rarely touched upon by researchers, the relationship between regime security and the national interest. Under the muslim brotherhood regime, disastrous trends emerged in egypts foreign policy. Thus, the development of post1952 egyptian foreign.
Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. This article aims to define the place of this dimension in egyptian foreign policy visavis the states of the nile basin, with. Egyptian foreign policy in nubia and the levant before thutmose iii it must be admitted that our knowledge of egypts foreign policy with western asia in the middle kingdom is uncertain, but in nubia the picture is clearer. Foreign relations of the arab republic of egypt are the egyptian governments external relations with the outside world. From the dawn of egyptian history, there is evidence of an aggressive policy towards nubia. Abandoning policies cooperative with european powers, the new government asserted an independent and arab nationalist identity. The speed of these changes has come as a surprise to many. Geography has caused egypt to rely almost entirely on the water of the nile river which originates outside its territory and passes through several.
Egypts foreign policy operates along a nonaligned level. At the same time, egypt also experienced an outflow of egyptian jews, and large numbers of egyptian copts. In one instance, in march 2011, former foreign minister and now arab league secretarygeneral nabil alaraby did talk of normalizing relations with iran, which had severed ties with egypt in 1979, but such talk was quickly stilled. Egypt drew closer, for example, to the sphere of influence of the us, israel and the gulf monarchies, altering only partly its approach in the international context. This article is an attempt to find out the basis of subsequent changes in egyptian foreign policy. However, liberalism can also exacerbate tensions with non. Edited by cameron hu, levi thompson, elias saba, and emily drumsta. On the foreign policy level, the scaf and some egyptian officials declared that egypt is abiding to its international responsibilities and signed treaties with israel.
Gamal abdel nasser 19541970, anwar sadat 19701981, hosni mubarak 19812011, and abdel fattah al sisi 20present. Liberal democracies tend to respect and accommodate other democratic countries and negotiate rather than escalate their interliberal disputes. Machar, who was the former vice president of south sudan, broke off in december 20 sparking a civil war that has ripped apart the newest country in the world. Morsis foreign policy failures diplomats say morsis foreign policy differed little from that of mubarak, but he made key mistakes regarding syria and ethiopia dina ezzat, sunday 21 jul 20. Together with its traditional diplomatic and political functions, and given that development. The foreign relations of egypt are the egyptian governments external relations with the. In egypt, the coronavirus poses a political threat the pandemic has exposed the shortfalls of a government that has neglected the health sector for too long. The existing literature explains the wavering course of president barack obamas policy on the 200103 egyptian crisis as attributed to either his personal characteristics lack of an international experience, predisposition to sermonize rather than to strategize or to the impact of the decline of the united states as a global superpower inability to influence foreign actors and contexts.
Aspects of egyptian foreign policy in the 18th dynasty in. Morsi, by contrast, declared resto ring egypts historical predominance the foreign policy leitmotif. Geopolitics inevitably shaped egypt s foreign policy. Pdf the foreign policy of postmubarak egypt and the.
Elsisi was elected after two popular uprisingsthe first being on the january 25, 2011 against hosni mubarak, and the second on june 30, 20 against the rule of the muslim brotherhood and mohammed morsiin the span of two years. Such a study is needed because available scholarly work on the topic of egyptian foreign policy during mubaraks time in office is scarce and is not focused on egypts definition of its national interest. The crown prince was counting on the support of his sunni arab allies, but one notable arab country abstained. The dilemmas of egyptian foreign policy opinion ahram. The united states continues sending military aid to egypt despite its worsening human rights situation. Foreign policy priorities3 were not the subject of revolution. Egypts foreign policy upon three circles, namely the arab, islamic and the. Egyptian president anwar sadat himself admits that he told no one but his foreign minister of his dramatic decision to go to jerusalem last november.
Egypt s foreign policy operates along a nonaligned level. Each year, africa day presents us with an opportunity to reinforce our unity, celebrate our diversity, and contemplate the challenges that face us as africans. Against the national interest routledge studies in middle eastern politics book 60 kindle edition by shama, nael. Egypts shifting foreign policy priorities the cairo. Such differences have left the doors open for change in egypts foreign policy. Geopolitics inevitably shaped egypts foreign policy. How did france and britain view egyptian foreign policy prior to the canal crisis.
This study aims at exploring the relation between economic liberalisation and egyptian foreign policy orientation. In 1952, officers in the egyptian army overthrew the monarchy under king farouk egyptian revolution. Pdf egyptian foreign policy during the ramadaanyom. Precisely egypts geostrategic restraint made it a guarantor of regional stability and a reliable ally for washington. Middle east policy council on egypt washington, dc. Mar 01, 20 after a trip to the middle east which did not include egypt florida sen. Jadaliyya on egypt arab studies institute, georgetown university, washington, dc. The nile river and egyptian foreign policy interest article pdf. The nile river and egyptian foreign policy interest. Egypts evolving foreign policy the washington institute.
Egypts foreign policy has recently been on a low profile, with many circles of action having been neglected and with numerous threats to national security having arisen, the most important of which are those facing egyptian policy in africa. The united states stands with egypt and the egyptian people in their pursuit of a stable, democratic, prosperous country which ensures the rights and freedoms of its citizens. Egypt s poor record on human rights and appropriators have passed legislation see u. Jun 11, 2014 foreign policy successes and failures in the past have been the kingmakers and breakers of egypts leaders what strategy will elsisi embrace as he attempts to return egypt to a leading regional role. Egyptian images of israel represent a fascinating case for examining a societal role in foreign policy since the official policy of peace with israel diverges so sharply from a prevailing culture of war. Israeli assessment of egypts foreign policy egyptian. Egyptian foreign policy towards israel tends to be portrayed as rather monolithic.
Foreign relations of the arab republic of egypt overview. Elwv 7 mainstream analysis of this foreign policy transformation has thus far been dominated by the psychologicalperceptual analysis of the egyptian presidents belief systems1. A new foreign policy in egypt middle east policy council. The foreign relations of egypt are the egyptian governments external relations with the outside world. Its features include rapprochement with iran, a new border policy with the gaza strip, and friendlier relations with hamas. Strategic and tactical issues of ethiopias foreign policy. At its inception, the egyptian uprising was not related to foreign policy and is unlikely to have much bearing on rela tions abroad. Factors such as population size, historical events, military strength, diplomatic expertise and a strategic geographical position give egypt extensive political influence in the middle east, africa, and within the nonaligned.
Research for the project was conducted with primary sources, such as newspaper. Annexing the west bank would threaten israels peace treaties with egypt and jordan, anger allies in the gulf, undermine the palestinian authority, and endanger. Egyptian foreign policy could change with a government dominated by the muslim. Materials are collected from demonstrations in cairos tahrir square and published in complete english translation alongside scans of the original documents in arabic. After a trip to the middle east which did not include egypt florida sen. Hosni mubarak egyptian president from 19812011 financing foreign policy hosni mubarak.
Egyptian foreign policy eprints complutense universidad. The countrys numerous layers, while not separating between its. Egyptian president anwar sadat himself admits that he told no one but his foreign minister of his dramatic decision to go to. In november 2017, saudi crown prince mohammad bin salman mbs launched an impulsive bid to isolate iran by forcing the resignation of lebanese prime minister saad hariri during a visit by the latter to riyadh. With the reelection of egyptian president abdel fatah elsisi to a second term, a new chapter in egypts foreign policy will be written. Under nasser, thousands of egyptian professionals were dispatched across africa and latin america under egypts secondment policy, aiming to support host countries development but to also support the egyptian regimes foreign policy aims. The study of egyptian foreign policy has been hitherto dominated by the.
Concentrating on egyptian foreign policy under president hosni mubarak, this book analyses how it was used to bolster his internal hold on power. Egyptian relations that withholds the obligation of foreign military financing fmf to egypt until the secretary of state certifies that egypt is taking various steps toward supporting democracy and human rights. We share with egypt a deep relationship that is rooted in cultural, economic, and military ties and in shared interests. Could the death of a detained american change that. This article is more than 9 years old we get the latest, and go to the huge foreign policy implications for the united states. Why did egypt follow a neutral, nonaligned foreign policy in the 1950s. Egypt table of contents the determinants of foreign policy. Foreign policy is an essential component of egypts general state policy. German foreign policy should condition security cooperation with the egyptian state on a focus on the real threats, and offer development support to help rebuild relations between deprived. After two revolutions, the 25 th of january 2011 and the 30 th of june 20, egypts foreign policy is at crossroads.
Egypts foreign policy and its national security egyptian. Liberal countries have long been known to maintain peaceful relations with each other. Egypts multilayered character has had a direct effect on its foreign policy and on its relationship with the outside world. Challenges facing policy makers are diverse and enumerated. Together with its traditional diplomatic and political functions, and given that development policy is considered a key objective, the egyptian foreign ministry participates in the countrys. The dilemmas of egyptian foreign policy opinion ahram online. Pdf the nile river and egyptian foreign policy interest. Proactive foreign policy, a regional leadership role or engagement for the palestinian cause were not on the agenda. This was a period in which egypts international stance was influenced not only by the political inexperience of the muslim brotherhood party, but also by all the obstacles, many. On 26 august, 2015, south sudans president, salva kiir signed a peace agreement in juba with rebel leader riek machar. It argues that the roots of the restructuring of egyptian foreign policy since 1970 could be traced in the process of transforming the populist statist model of managing the egyptian political economy.
Siddiqui, changing contours of egypts foreign policy in the aftermath of uprising. Since taking office, president mohamed morsi has clearly set himself apart from his predecessor hosni mubarak, as reflected in two trends. A dramatic change in egypts foreign policy since the ouster of hosni mubarak aims to help reassert cairos leadership in the arab world, establish good relations with all powers in the region, and give priority to egyptian interests. Learning of the egyptian foreign ministers recent meeting with a number of egyptian journalists to discuss foreign policy was a positive change in the official attitude toward listening to. However, rapprochement between egypt and iran is likely also to alarm arab gulf states who are worried about.
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